The Economic Situation Of A County - 1255 Words

To determine the overall economic situation of a county one must consider all of its current risks. The country’s political situation is one area to consider. Any analysis must consider the stability of the county’s current government. Other economic indicators that must be assessed are the country’s gross domestic product, unemployment rate, inflation or deflation, the strength of country’s currency, it’s trade balances and the value of its government issued bond (credit). Political Risk Political risk is anything that has a direct correlation with the government or political setup of a country. For example political risk can be expressed through political stability, currency inconvertibility, changes in taxation, corruption, and a weak legal system for investor protection. In recent years the political stability of Chile has not been favorable. Only 24% of Chileans support their politicians (EIU, 1). Chile was always considered one of the least corrupt of Latin American countries, however, recently there as been some allegations of corruption. In February 2015, Sebastian Davalos, the president’s son, had been accused of using his authority to make profitable land deals. He had acquired $10million loan from the second largest Chilean bank for a small property company, Caval, which is half-owned by his wife. The company later bought rural land and re-zoned it to create urban development. This made the company $5 million in profit (Roberts, 1). In spite of these issues,Show MoreRelatedTransportation Provides Individuals Mobility And Accessibility1588 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough various means of transportation. These means are dictated by transportation planning. Transportation planning is dictated by civic and economic needs. The economic needs are the most prevalent and arguably the most significant. 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These two groups are the least likely toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Financial Report Prepared By The County Of Santa Barbara Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe paper is an analysis of the financial report prepared by the County of Santa Barbara. The financial report contains all the details containing its financial activities for the year ended June 30 2015. The financial report has been prepared in accordance with the laws as established by the state of California which require counties to submit a financial report for each financial yea r. The current condition of the economy is further discussed using some tools that give additional details aboutRead MoreAnalytical Comparison Of Health As A Human Right In Kidder’S1549 Words   |  7 Pages Analytical comparison of Health as a Human Right in Kidder’s Mountains Beyond Mountains and Ansell’s County Student’s Name Institution Word Count: 1564 words â€Æ' Analytical comparison of Health as a Human Right in Kidder’s Mountains Beyond Mountains and Ansell’s County Health is an issue that brings together various sectors and stakeholders because of its importance in the society. Giving the population quality healthcare requires vast attention and resources. 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America has come a long way from those days but not with out a fight. Abraham Lincoln, the Civil Rights moment and free and public education has been addressed. Today, we face a new conflicts and a d ifferent type of slavery. SlaveryRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The United States1656 Words   |  7 Pagespresents an economic burden for a US healthcare system already without equilibrium. In their extensive annual medical spending report, Finkelstein et al. (2012) estimated the annual medical cost of obesity in the US to amount to $147 billion in 2008; the medical costs for people who are obese were $1,429 higher than those of normal weight. Additionally, more than $150 billion per year is spent on related health care costs and lost productivity (Finkelstein, Trogdon, Cohen et al 2009). The situation as aRead MorePoverty Rate In Wake County700 Words   |  3 Pages1. Wake county, where I am from, in 2015 has a poverty rate of 11.7 percent. 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This study by Tang, Callahan, and Pisano (2014) examines fiscal sustainability within local governments as a common-pool resource (CPR) problem by considering the political economy of monetary institutions, applying six micro-situational conditions that are necessary to reach economic stability, and utilizing past cases to explain how CPR principles can be used to benefit the communityRead MoreAll Men and Women have the Right to the American Dream638 Words   |  3 Pagesservices, and the necessities needed to maintain the community. The survival of a community is maintaining a delicate balance that primarily hinges on economic factors. Economic factors such as disappearing jobs, high costs of living, and high unemployment cause hardship within the community. Over an extended period of time, the economic factors will ultimately destroy the foundation of the community, the homeowners. The Homeowners will be forced to give up their American Dream and be forced

Durkheim s Sociological Perspective On Religion - 1733 Words

Abstract This work examines Durkheim’s sociological approach to religion. Several central aspects of Durkheim’s approach are defined, including the concepts of religion, clan, and totem. The Totemic Principle and how it can be applied to religion is also discussed. Supporting evidence for Durkheim is offered through Eliade, while dissension is offered by Malinowski. This work concludes with an example of Durkheim’s ideas applied to the story of Lame Deer. Background Any discussion of Durkheim’s views on religion from a sociological perspective should define exactly what the sociological perspective regarding religion is. According to Roberts and Yamane (2012), for sociologists, the study of religion takes into account more than merely the beliefs of the religion. Religious institutions exist and the existence of these institutions is an important aspect of sociological study (Roberts Yamane, 2012). Religious institutions affects not only beliefs but also behaviors that sometimes run contrary to doctrine as with anything else concerning human beings, conflict is always a possibility (Roberts Yamane, 2012). The behaviors of individuals within the context of religious institutions and beliefs are also important to the sociological perspective (Roberts Yamane, 2012). As such, sociology focuses on the interactions between influences of religion on society and society on religion (Roberts Yamane, 2012); this deconstruction offers the len s through which this workShow MoreRelatedMarx, Weber And Durkheim s Views On The Social1385 Words   |  6 PagesChristina Hubbard February 6, 2016 SOC 310.01 Assignment #1 In this essay I am going to address three core sociology theorists; Marx, Weber and Durkheim, they all had different opinions about how society functioned through the different types of relationships. 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In terms of religion, Freud’s approachRead MoreEmile Durkheim and The Science of Sociology Essay1294 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction Emile Durkheim was born in France in April of 1858 and died in November of 1917. He was from a close Jewish community that he continued to be close to even after breaking with the Jewish church. Having come from a long family line of rabbis, he had planned to follow in that profession. Durkheim was known as the Father of Sociology. He was a liberal, a modernist, and a nationalist. He was a very ambitious man; this ambition was illustrated by the accomplishments he made over theRead MoreA Sociological Study Of Religion1159 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is one of the most difficult topics in life, not to mention the oldest. People look for the ultimate truth to religion, which in my opinion leads to misguidance and a slant of science. I think this helps true believers find their way to a faith; it certainly helped me. 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The outlooks of Durkheim and Weber contrast however, their general message in which they attempt to convey are of similar ideologies. When examining Durkheim and the concept of sacred and profane, one would see how it parallels with Weber’s notion of enchantment and disenchantment. Their stances on religion correspond with each other and despite their distinct conceptual frameworksRead MoreMax Weber And Durkheim s Views On Religion1250 Words   |  5 PagesReligion can be defined as a collections of beliefs and cultural systems that relate humanity to an order of existence. One of the foundations of religion is social orientation that in one way or another influence a society s social stability. Max Weber along with Emile Durkheim were very influential p eople in the course of social stability in the 19th century. Weber and Durkheim attempted to make comprehensible social changes, particularly in the aspects of religion of a society. Their perspectivesRead MoreDurkheim s Suicide And Suicide1651 Words   |  7 PagesDurkheim’s analysis of suicide and whether his ideas on suicide were right in his time, and whether they are still relevant in today’s society. Emile Durkheim described ‘suicide’ as a term â€Å"applied to any death which is the direct or indirect result of a positive or negative act accomplished by the victim himself, which he knows will produce this result† (Durkheim, Suicide: a Study in Sociology, originally published 1897, 1970). Positive acts were acts that were undertaking with the intention to produceRead MoreScience Which Deals With The Establishment And Development Of Human Societies Essay1589 Words   |  7 Pagestheoretical of the sociology The origins of Sociology - with the works of Marx, Durkheim and Weber - were primarily European. However, during the century XX, the discipline has rooted in all the world and some of them contributions more important have come from the United States. The work of George Herbert Mead (1863-1931), philosopher who taught at the University of Chicago has had a decisive influence on the development of sociological theory Mead he underlined the importance of language and symbols in socialRead MoreReligion As A Cultural System1601 Words   |  7 PagesSociologists define religion as a cultural system of commonly shared beliefs and rituals that provides a sense of ultimate meaning and purpose by creating an idea of reality that is sacred, all-encompassing and supernatural (Durkheim in Giddens 2006 p.534). Religion can be viewed as a lifestyle or culture for some people: This culture entails united beliefs, the same values, customs and philosophies that generates a shared distinctiveness among a group of people. All religions have a behavioural aspect

McDonaldization free essay sample

This paper discusses George Ritzers theory of McDonaldization how fast food chains are spreading. This paper takes a look at George Ritzers theory of McDonaldization to describe a sociological incident that is occurring in our culture. McDonaldization, according to Ritzer, is, The process by which the principles of the fast food business are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. From the paper: Ritzer has broken down this phenomenon into four characteristics that include: 1. Efficiency The optimum method of completing a task. The rational determination of the best mode of production. Individuality is not allowed. 2. Calculability Assessment of outcomes based on quantifiable rather than subjective criteria. Easily said as quantity over quality. 3. Predictability The production process is organized to guarantee uniformity of product and standardized outcomes. 4. Control The substitution of more predictable non-human labor for human labor through automation or the deskilling of the work force. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonaldization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

Screening and Evaluation of a Child Believed To Have Special Needs

Special needs education refers to the equipment of physically or mentally handicapped students with the necessary skills and knowledge. The education provided to the handicapped students is aimed at making them self-dependent and active like their able colleagues. The handicapped children’s curriculum is designed with respect to the pupil’s disabilities and should be accompanied by appropriate support services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Screening and Evaluation of a Child Believed To Have Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the United States, special education officers oversee the equitable implementation of technical and professional assistance to the disabled students. Disability may be long term or short term. In this case, long-term disability is ascertained through diagnostic screening while short-term disability such as broken arms may be evaluated through medical reports o r physical examination (Gargiulo Kilgo, 2009). Diagnostic screening is the first step in the process of screening and evaluation of a child believed to have special needs. This entails the determination of whether the student involved is autistic, has sensory impairment, has severe emotional challenges or is multiply disabled. The main purpose of diagnostic screening is to distinguish between handicapped and talented students. The students suspected to be physically challenged are conferred to an appropriate team, which will assist them to participate in the diagnostic screening. Qualified educational professionals undertake the screening of new students suspected to be handicapped, and those who do not pass the minimum percentiles in Regents Preliminary Test. Such a test involves evaluation of students in terms of reading and writing skills. Health examinations records provided by licensed physicians help to ascertain the pupils’ level of disability in many cases (Amendment of the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education, 2012). The results of a diagnostic screening are included in a report reviewed by qualified district education staffs. For children with limited language proficiency, screening involves the ascertainment of the students’ physical and mental development. This includes motor development, cognitive development and expressive language development. Basic listening, reading, writing and other expressive skills are assessed in the process. Emotionally challenged children may face a difficulty in developing language proficiency. Consequently, the New York States’ disability screening and identification procedure is used. This is a three-step process designed to address their challenges.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A questionnaire is administered to determine the student’s home or native language. When the studentâ €™s home language is not English, an interview is scheduled. The ultimate result of this interview is used to ascertain whether a non-English-speaking or native English-speaking student has the desired oral capabilities. Students who do not portray the expected results are enrolled to the general education program. The assessment of the pupil’s language proficiency is carried out at all levels to determine the necessity of undertaking the pupil on a placement program. The placement program may be either a bilingual educational program or freestanding English as a Second Language (ESL) program (Meisels, 2008). The students with disabilities are subjected to appropriate access modification and accommodative assessment depending on the form of their disability. The tests provided are modified to eliminate any difficulty in the test-taking exercise resulting from disability. The tests should be modified to accommodate the needs of the disabled, but not to the extent of reduci ng the credibility of the test exercise. In this case, it should be to a level that the students portray a level of mastery of educational skills and knowledge. The adjustments made in assessment tests can be in the form of presentation, response, timing and the classroom setting. The disabled students will get an allowance to complete the assessments like their able counterparts. The committee of special education, multidisciplinary team and the school’s principal are involved in mandating the modifications of tests to accommodate the disabled students. Assessment accommodations are necessary for children with motor impairments. These impairments may negatively affect their computational and arithmetic skills. Moreover, other students will have their memorizing ability hampered. To meet the needs of the assessors, they have to be provided with arithmetic tables or have requirements such as punctuations and spellings waived (Gargiulo Kilgo, 2009). The challenges faced by aut istic children demand a range of modifications in the assessment exercise to accommodate their needs. Unlike other forms of disabilities, autism may severely impair a child’s abilities without a known cause. The services needed by students depend on the child’s needs. Therapists, who are trained on inability caused by autism, should offer their support to the children.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Screening and Evaluation of a Child Believed To Have Special Needs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, an autistic child who may be having a communicative difficulty requires the services of a therapist who focuses on the child’s speech development. Family inclusion and repeated teaching may be organized in small intervals. The services may be altered with time as the needs may change with time. Consequently, the modifications allowable during the assessment of the autistic pupils foc us on an individual’s needs. This process alteration may be done through the usage of structured teaching, individualized coaching and focus on social and cognitive skills (Birch Family Services, 2011). Physical and verbal prompts may be involved to capture and maintain focus of autistic students that have the inability to maintain attention. A review of students’ vision and hearing abilities may be tested to determine the consequential impact of students’ impairment on the learning process. Blind or visually impaired students may be accommodated through the usage of Braille or large print assessment tests respectively. On occasions where the questions tested cannot be reproduced in Braille, the questions may be revised to make them accessible. The time allocated to the tests should be adjusted to allow usage of the modifications made in the assessment. Breaks may be allowed for eyestrain, and extra time allowed for the time consumed during illustration of diagr ams. Special lights may be used to help those with visual impairment. Audio tapes, computers with talking word processers and visual magnification equipment may also be employed. Qualified interpreters should communicate test instructions through a sign language to deaf students. Hearing aids or auditory amplification devices should be provided to take care of their needs. Repetitive listening sections may be encouraged, and markers used to maintain learning pace (Meisels, 2008). Children with multiple disabilities may require combined assistance to accommodate their educational needs. The needs may not be exclusively available within the special education plan as the plan may solely serve for the needs brought about by one of their impairments. The students with multiple disabilities require extensive assistance to be integrated into the accommodative modifications. This ensures that they can access privileges enjoyed by other student with fewer disabilities. A multidisciplinary te am formed by the parents, medical, and educational specialists should cater for the needs that accompany the disabilities. The severity of any impairment calls for more significant attention on the support offered to cover for that form of disability.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The evaluator should familiarize students with the tests they are required to take by explaining the purpose of the test and providing accommodations before administering the assessments. Sufficient rest should be emphasized to reduce stress and advance relaxation. Regular monitoring of the students in the program should be carried out through continuous assessment of their development. The challenged students are offered additional programs to cover for extra-curricular activities and help them develop social skills and self-esteem. An Individualized Educational Program (IEP) is resorted to when the student with disability demands unique needs. However, all-inclusive programs are encouraged to help prevent stigmatization of the handicapped pupils (Gargiulo Kilgo, 2009). A team appointed by the district officer designs both the IEP and the Individual Family Service Plan (ISFP). The IEP determines the educational services required by a disabled child. The team members, who design th e IEP, are parents, social service worker and other relevant service providers. On the other hand, the ISFP has a team that consists of the students, regular education teachers, special education teacher, and the school district representative. The IEP portrays the contribution in assessments and certifies where alternative evaluation is suitable or not. The IEP procedures and plan requirements devolve to the educational components of the ISFP (NYSED, 2011). The disabled students heed instructions from other members of the team whilst exercising a powerful voice of command in the educational practice. One provides useful information in the testing accommodations required. The student develops mentally and physically by adopting the programs provided. On the other hand, general education teachers provide a classroom setting and appropriate curriculum to the student. A special education teacher provides the student with need-based assistance to adapt to the general education activitie s. They provide the accommodative adjustments to the assessments given to the students and serve the unique needs required by the student. Other team members may include therapists, a disability specialist, psychologist, counselor and a nurse or a physician. The therapists and the specialists support the disabled student by providing expert services according to the form of disability. The counselor monitors and assesses the pupils’ emotional health while providing counseling. Nurses and physicians provide medical services by administering proper medication to the student (Meisels, 2008). The parents of the disabled student have a very significant role to play. They provide the valuable background information on the students’ disability and family culture. The parents must give consent before their child joins an individualized education program and accentuates the reviews to the program. They should submit the information such as children’s medical evaluation r ecords and even share on the child’s abilities, before their enrolment in the IEP. The association between the parent and the school is vital to the child’s development since the child’s progress is effectively monitored. Solutions are mutually mined to cater for problems that the pupil experiences within an educational or placement program (Gargiulo Kilgo, 2009). The parents maintain records of any issues that may need clarification from other team members such as the specialist teachers. Parents’ union also becomes a collective force that advocates for issues on behalf of their disabled children. Inclusion of the children in the general educational activities is at the parents’ discretion. Parents must be involved in handling disciplinary issues involving their children at school. Social workers act as an intermediary between the school and the parents. They collect information regarding the students’ background while they assist students ’ transition from early intervention to in-school services in the individualized education program. They coordinate support programs beneficial to the student governed by the local agencies and are involved in family counseling and training. The mandate of the federal, state and city regulations affects special education programs in several spheres. The federal laws govern the accommodative adjustments to the assessment of disabled students. They make sure that the disabled students receive equitable aid, opportunities, benefits, and services. The laws ensure all services available to able individuals are also available to the disabled ones. State laws such as the Individual with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) offer the procedure of designing the testing accommodations and alternative assessments (Meisels, 2008). The laws enclosed in the act govern the disabled child’s right to receive appropriate education and access least restrictive environment placem ent. The laws give regulation on the drafting of the IEPs and the ISFPs, which the team members must be involved during the formulation. The District laws can give a ruling on whether a student requires beyond the classroom intervention as per the Committee on Special Education’s recommendation. The state and local laws also administer transitional services to provide for school to post-school events. Students with disabilities command a closer interaction with their educators, families, and special education service providers for them to explore their mastery of skills and knowledge. In order to learn essential skills, a specialized education dissemination procedure must be employed after the student has been screened and the form of disability established. References Amendment of the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education. (2012). Amendment of the Regulations of the Commissioner of Education- Special Education Impartial Hearings: Special Education : EMSC : NYSED. P-12 : NYSED. Web. Birch Family Services. (2011). Autism Services | Birch Family Services. Birch Family Services. Web. Gargiulo, R. M., Kilgo, J. L. (2009). Young children with special needs: an introduction to early childhood special education. Albany, NY: Delmar/Thomson Learning. Meisels, S. J. (2008). Special education and development: perspectives on young children with special needs. Baltimore: University Park Press. NYSED. (2011). NYSED:Bilingual Ed:Information:Commissioner’s Regulations Part 154 Information. P-12 : NYSED. Web. 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Enterprise Resource Planning Essays

Enterprise Resource Planning Essays Enterprise Resource Planning Essay Enterprise Resource Planning Essay Master of Business Administration MBA Semester 3 OM0011 – Enterprise Resource Planning Assignment Set 1 Q1. What is Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)? What are the advantages of ERP? â€Å"Enterprise Resource Planning:  An accounting oriented information system for identifying and planning the enterprise-wide resources to make, ship and account for customer orders. † Again in Internet encyclopedia, it has defined as: â€Å"An enterprise planning system is an integrated computer based application used to manage internal and external resources, including tangible assets, financial resources, material and human resources†. Basically, an ERP combines several traditional management functions into a logical integrated system and facilitate flow of information across these functions. It is designed to model and automate basic processes across the organization over a centralized database and eliminates the need of disparate systems maintained by various units of the organization. The successful implementation of an ERP system will have many advantages, as indicated below: Business integration and Improved Data Accuracy:  ERP system is composed of various modules/ sub modules where a module represents a particular business component. If data is entered in one module such as receiving, it automatically updates other related modules such as accounts payable and inventory. This updating occurs at real time i. e. at the time a transaction occurs. Since, data needs to be entered only once at the origin of transaction, the need of multiple entries of the same data is eliminated. Likelihood of duplicate/ erroneous data is, therefore, minimized. The centralized structure of the data base also enable better administration and security provisions, which minimizes loss of sensitive data. Planning and MIS:  The various decision support tools like planning engines and simulations functions, form integral part of an ERP system which helps in proper utilization of resources like materials, human resources and tools. Constrained based planning help in drawing appropriate production schedules, thereby improving operation of plant and equipment. As a part of MIS, an ERP system, contains many inbuilt standard reports and also a report writer which produce ad hoc reports, as and when needed. Improved Efficiency and Productivity:  In addition to provision of improved planning, ERP system provides a tremendous boost to the efficiency of day to day and routine transactions such as order fulfillment, on time shipment, vendor performance, quality management, invoice reconciliation, sales realization, and cash management. Cycle time is reduced for sales to cash and procurement to pay sequences. Establishment of Standardized Procedures:  ERP system is based on processes of international best practices, which are adopted by the organizations during implementation. Department silos are purged and maverick practices are done away with. Because of top down view available to management, chances of theft, fraud and obsolescence are minimized. Flexibility and technology:  Due to globalized environment, where production units, distribution centers and corporate offices reside in different countries, organizations need multi currency, multi language and multi accounting modes, in an integrated manner. These provisions are available in most of the ERP systems, particularly in products offered by tier 1 and tier 2 vendors. ERP vendors are also quick to adopt latest technologies, from mainframe to client server to internet. Unlike a bespoke system, Upgrading to latest technology for a running ERP system is uncomplicated, involving mostly adoption of service packs and patches. Q2. What is business modeling? Explain. Business modelling or creating a business model is one of the first activities in any ERP project. As mentioned earlier, the ERP systems should be a replica of the organisation’s business processes. A business model is not a mathematical model, but it is a representation of the business as one large system showing the interconnections and interdependencies of the various subsystems and business processes as shown in Figure. . 4. Figure 2. 4: Real World and the Business Model Based on the organisation’s goals, objectives, and strategic plans, a business model consisting of the business processes is developed. Different individuals in the organisation (the people) control these business processes to achieve common goals. Based on the business model the ERP system is developed with the aim of providing the required information and necessary assistance to the various individuals in an organisation. This helps them perform their business processes more effectively and efficiently. In business modelling, we model the business as an integrated system, taking the processes managing its facilities and materials as resources. Information is a very important resource and is very critical in managing all the other resources. Thus, the business model is a representation of the actual business, the various business functions of the organisation, the relation that exists between them, the manner in which they are interdependent, and so on, to achieve a common goal or objective. The business model is usually represented in the graphical form using flow charts and flow diagrams. The data model of the system is created from the business model. For example, in a small scale automation industry the order bagged by the marketing is passed on to planning department. From here the actual production starts and it has to be cautiously tracked by the planning department. It is the responsibility of the planning department to request the design department to release the drawings and the requirements for the production department. Once the released documents reach the production department, it has to ensure that it allocates man power and a time plan for the manufacturing of the product. Planning has a time schedule of its own for the manufacturing, which has to be planned in accordance to the production department, and has to be informed to the marketing department. Production has to check for the availability of the required items for production from stores and if in case there is any shortage it has to be informed both to the planning and purchase through a proper channel, so that the requirements can be brought in as early as possible. Once the product leaves from production to quality department and then to packing, the information about the status of work and the product description should be available to the planning department. Thus you can see how each department has to work coordinating to each other and the essence of communication between the departments. As important as process planning, market planning is very crucial phase of business modelling. Since, market planning also has an important role when it comes to decision making in large organisation on market strategy. So that it can enable the organisation to successful meet commercialisation requirements according to changing market trend. Its main concern is how decision taken on certain issues can change the company’s revenues and its profit margins. Hence, planning is a crucial element of business model for this to achieve an ERP system is suppose to be capable of handling information not only about the process of various departments but it needs to track the company’s market performance and the company’s product competency compared to its competitors in the market and allow the management to take decision quickly and effectively. Q3. Write short notes on ERP tools and softwares. Before the evolution of ERP model, each department in an enterprise had its own isolated software application that did not interface with any other system. Such isolated framework could not synchronise the inter-department processes and hence hampered the overall productivity, speed, and performance of the organisation. This situation led to issues such as incompatible market standards, lack of synchronisation, incomplete understanding of the complete enterprise functioning, unproductive decisions and so on. For example, the finance department could not coordinate with the procurement team to plan out purchases as per the availability of money. Hence, deploying a comprehensive ERP system across an organisation leads to performance increase, workflow synchronisation, standardised information exchange within departments, complete overview of the enterprise functioning, global decision optimisation, speed enhancement and so on. ERP system is built on a centralised database utilising a common computing platform. It consolidates all business operations into a uniform enterprise wide system environment. An ERP system can either reside on a centralised server or be distributed across modular hardware and software units that provide services and communicate on a local area network. The distributed design allows a business to assemble modules from different vendors without the need for the placement of multiple copies of complex and expensive computer systems in areas which will not use their full capacity. ERP systems integrate all the departments and functions across a company onto a single computer system that can serve all the departments needs. There are two types of ERP software packages. Open Source ERP software and Commercial ERP software. Some of the differences between the two software are as follows. Table 4. 1 shows the differences between commercial and open source ERP. Differences between Commercial and Open Source ERPs ERP Tools There are several ERP software manufacturers. Prominent manufacturers of ERP software are SAP, Oracle Corporation, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards, Lawson, etc. SAP has the major share in the ERP market and next comes the Oracle Corporation. Oracle has acquired JD Edwards, People Soft, and more recently Siebel and competes with SAP in the ERP market. Table 4. 2 lists the popular ERP Tools and their respective vendors. Table 4. 2: ERP Tools and respective vendors Q4. Describe Materials Requirement Planning (MRP). Initially, manufacturing industries viewed Materials Requirement Planning MRP as a better method for ordering components than the independent demand inventory models they had been using during the 1950s and 1960s. However, it has evolved into a comprehensive priority planning system. MRP provides a method that helps keep order due dates valid, even after the orders have been released to the shop floor or outside vendor. MRP systems can detect when is the order due date, the date the order is scheduled to arrive, is out of alignment with its need date, and the date the order is actually required. During the 80s, techniques for helping to plan capacity requirements were tied up with MRP. Tools were developed to assist the planning of aggregate production levels and the development of anticipated production schedules. Systems to aid in executing the plans were incorporated in shop floor control for the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœin-house factory’  and vendor scheduling for the  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœoutside factories’. The expanded MRP system became known as closed loop MRP. Since, it provided feedback from the execution function to the planning functions, so manufacturers could change plans when necessary. Expanded-closed-loop MRP was practiced to provide the ability to translate the operating plan expressed in manufacturing terms of units (kilograms) into financial terms (rupees). They even have the potential to simulate the effects of various plans in terms of both units and rupees. The new system, which was called Manufacturing Resource Planning (MRP-II), was a comprehensive approach for the effective planning of all the resources of a manufacturing organisation. Materials and production planning is critical to the success of a manufacturing company. A company can have the best and the newest manufacturing facilities, product design, the latest equipment. Along with all the latest production technologies like CAD/CAM, robotics, automated guided vehicles (AGVs), and so on but the company had no ability to compete. MRP has proved to be an effective production and inventory planning system in a wide variety of environments. For a successful MRP system three types of information are very essential and they are:   Master Production Schedule (MPS)  · Bill of Material (BOM)  · Inventory Records (IR) Q5. Briefly explain the features of ERP – Purchase module. Features of Purchase Module The Purchase module helps to improve your purchasing function. This module controls the inventory purchasing side of your business. You can track purchase orders, supplier prices, and quantities on order. With the usage of Purchase module you can increase your inventory efficiency and eliminate costly shortages. Features of the purchase module include:  · Streamlining purchase and process cycles  · Capturing materials requirement  · Creating quotations from various suppliers  · Providing a detailed Supplier/Subcontractor/Service Provider database  · Recording Payment terms in PO Allowing order cancellation and order closing  · Enabling multiple delivery schedules, Quotation validity and multiple indents for multiple items in a single PO  · Enabling quality inspection of goods  · Containing complete import functionality with handling of custom details Purchase Bill for import, excise consideration in imports  · Providing Order tracking reports for complete control o n procurement cycle  · Providing Management Information System (MIS) for vendor evaluation based on quality, price and delivery time Efficient purchase management processes provide uyers with advanced tools for analysing supplier patterns in terms of price and delivery terms. This also enables them to adopt adequate measures once unfavourable circumstances are encountered. It assists in taking informed decisions and maintaining control throughout the procurement cycle. This module can handle all purchasing and subcontracting activities such as inviting quotations, supplier evaluation, placing purchase order, order scheduling, and billing. Q6. What are the benefits and limitations of ERP Inventory Management? Benefits and Limitations of ERP Inventory Management ERP inventory management system has many benefits. Some of them include:  · Tracking of orders from the point the order is received to its release.  · Facilitating appropriate communication between different areas.  · Reducing the threat of loss of information.  · Providing a ‘top down’ summary of the mechanism of a company.  · Setting up an outline of security to protect against theft from external or within a company. Replacing old and primitive paper based systems that improves efficiency. Limitations of ERP Inventory Management ERP inventory management helps an organisation in many ways. However, it also has some limitations. They are:  · Limited customisation  · Expensive  · Not friendly with every type of business like small organisations.  · Harder to fix responsibility as it is a company-wide system that connects all areas  · When all departments in a company are not willing to share informa tion, maintenance of sensitive data can disturb the work flow

List of Indian States and Union Territories

List of Indian States and Union Territories The Republic of India is a country that occupies most of the Indian subcontinent in southern Asia and is the second most populous country in the world. It has a long history but today is considered a developing nation as well as the worlds largest democracy. India is a federal republic that consists of 28 states and seven union territories. These Indian states have their own elected governments for local administration. Delhi A city and union territory in northern India, Delhi is one of the countrys most important areas, in part because it is home to New Delhi, Indias capital. All three branches of Indias government, including Parliament and the judiciary, are based here. Delhi has a population of over 16 million people. The main religions are Hinduism, Islam, and Sikhism, and the primary languages are Hindi, Punjabi, and Urdu. Delhis historic temples include the Hindu Swaminarayan Akshardham complex, the Sikh Gurudwara Bangla Sahib, and the Islamic Jama Masjid. The Lotus Temple, a Bahà ­ House of Worship, is perhaps the most impressive building in the city; it is composed of 27 marble petals enclosing a central hall that seats 1,300. The temple is one of the most visited builds in the world. Uttar Pradesh With a population of over 200 million people, Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state in India. The area is so large that it is divided into 75 administrative districts. The official language of the state is Hindi, though a small portion of the population speaks Urdu. The states economy is based on agriculture, with a focus on the production of wheat and sugarcane. Uttar Pradesh is one of the top tourist destinations in India; its most famous sites include the Taj Mahal and the Agra Fort. The former was built in the early 1600s as a mausoleum for Mumtaz Mahal, the wife of Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. The latter was a walled city used by the Mughal emperors in the 1500s and early 1600s. Maharashtra Maharashtra is the second most populous state after Uttar Pradesh. It is home to Mumbai, the most populous city in India, which was settled in the early 1500s. The citys architectural wonders include the Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, a railway station built in the Victorian Gothic style in 1888. Maharashtras economy is organized around manufacturing, technology, trade, services, and tourism. The state is also the center of Bollywood film production, which generates billions of dollars each year. Since the 1970s, India has produced more movies per year than even the United States; the films are popular across South Asia and in other parts of the world, including Russia. Bihar Located in northeast India, Bihar was historically a center of power. Out of Magadha, an ancient kingdom in Bihar, arose the religions of Jainism and Buddhism, which are still widely practiced in India today. Bihars economy is primarily service-based, with smaller portions devoted to agriculture and industry. The primary languages are Hindi, Maithili, and Urdu. A unique style of art known as Mithila painting originated in Bihar; works in this style are traditionally painted with simple materials such as fingers and twigs. The artworks feature bright colors and intricate geometric patterns. West Bengal The fourth most populous state in India, West Bengal is home to ethnic Bengalis who make up most of the states population. Bengali culture is known for its rich literary heritage; one Bengali writer, Rabindranath Tagore, was the first Asian to win a Nobel Prize. Notable Bengali art includes the states ancient terra cotta temples and the paintings of Abanindranath Tagore (Rabindranaths nephew). Hinduism is the main religion in West Bengal, and the state is known for its elaborate festivals, including Durga Puja, an annual celebration that lasts five days. Other important celebrations in West Bengal include Pahela Baishakh (the Bengali New Year), Holi (the festival of lights), Ratha Yatra (a Hindu celebration in honor of Jagannath), and Eid al-Fitr (a Muslim celebration that takes place at the end of Ramadan). Vesak, or Buddha Day, is a holiday that marks the birth of Gautama Buddha. Other States Indias other states and union territories include Tamil Nadu, a state known for its historic temples, and Gujarat, the home of the indigenous Gujarati people. State Population Capital Area Andhra Pradesh 76,210,007 Hyderabad 106,195 square miles Tamil Nadu 62,405,679 Chennai 50,216 square miles Madhya Pradesh 60,348,023 Bhopal 119,014 square miles Rajasthan 56,507,188 Jaipur 132,139 square miles Karnataka 52,850,562 Bangalore 74,051 square miles Gujarat 50,671,017 Gandhinagar 75,685 square miles Orissa 36,804,660 Bhubaneswar 60,119 square miles Kerala 31,841,374 Thiruvananthapuram 15,005 square miles Jharkhand 26,945,829 Ranchi 30,778 square miles Assam 26,655,528 Dispur 30,285 square miles Punjab 24,358,999 Chandigarh 19,445 square miles Haryana 21,144,564 Chandigarh 17,070 square miles Chhattisgarh 20,833,803 Raipur 52,197 square miles Jammu and Kashmir 10,143,700 Jammu and Srinagar 85,806 square miles Uttarakhand 8,489,349 Dehradun 20,650 square miles Himachal Pradesh 6,077,900 Shimla 21,495 square miles Tripura 3,199,203 Agartala 4,049 square miles Meghalaya 2,318,822 Shillong 8,660 square miles Manipur 2,166,788 Imphal 8,620 square miles Nagaland 1,990,036 Kohima 6,401 square miles Goa 1,347,668 Panaji 1,430 square miles Arunachal Pradesh 1,097,968 Itanagar 32,333 square miles Mizoram 888,573 Aizawl 8,139 square miles Sikkim 540,851 Gangtok 2,740 square miles

Outline the development of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity from Research Paper

Outline the development of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity from the New Testament Church to the Nicene Creed - Research Paper Example Theological opinions on the foundation of the doctrine of the Trinity vary amongst two extremes. Trinity has no basis in the Bible, in contrast, it states that Trinity is clear in the New Testament. A summary of the tertiary writings validates the latter position, and yet still represented by conventional theologians, is largely submitted from the central point that the doctrine of the Trinity was understood in the scriptures and was made clear by the advances of the church fathers (Humphreys, 20) The conclusion of the historians is that the doctrine was not original. The interconnections between history and theology are of specific importance in view of the doctrine development, but conventionally there has been comparatively little exchange of ideas between the two principles. The second fact considered by the education theologians is that no organized expositions of the doctrine might be observed in the New Testament, Roman Catholic shares this opinion, Protestant, eastern orthodox theologians, and by liberal, moderate and conservative theologians. By saying this, they imply that the new testament does not have formal and official statements of Trinity, does not have passages where the subject of debate is Trinity, does not have refutations of subordination, and tritheism and modalism as Trinitarian errors. Lastly, words such as one, the Trinity or God used as one-and-the-same being collectively did not exist in the New Testament. Christians do claim that it might be prese nted in the bible educates that the God is the father, the son, Jesus Christ and the Holy Spirit, implying that God is one (PARSENIOS, 400) In explaining their claims, the opposers and proponents of the Trinity that is not present in the New Testament have formed two strategies to support their allegations. The first plan was to conduct an exegesis of particular passages in the New Testament. A good example was seen in the essay by Warfield, he validated